Answer :
Answer:
Most people are familiar with carbohydrates, one type of macromolecule, especially when it comes to what we eat. To lose weight, some individuals adhere to “low-carb” diets. Athletes, in contrast, often “carb-load” before important competitions to ensure that they have enough energy to compete at a high level. Carbohydrates are, in fact, an essential part of our diet; grains, fruits, and vegetables are all natural sources of carbohydrates. Carbohydrates provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. Carbohydrates also have other important functions in humans, animals, and plants.
Carbohydrates can be represented by the stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This formula also explains the origin of the term “carbohydrate”: the components are carbon (“carbo”) and the components of water (hence, “hydrate”). Carbohydrates are classified into three subtypes: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides (mono– = “one”; sacchar– = “sweet”) are simple sugars, the most common of which is glucose. In monosaccharides, the number of carbons usually ranges from three to seven. Most monosaccharide names end with the suffix –ose. If the sugar has an aldehyde group (the functional group with the structure R-CHO), it is known as an aldose, and if it has a ketone group (the functional group with the structure RC(=O)R′), it is known as a ketose. Depending on the number of carbons in the sugar, they also may be known as trioses (three carbons), pentoses (five carbons), and or hexoses (six carbons). See Figure 1 for an illustration of the monosaccharides.
Explanation:
All the statements given in the option represent the characteristics of carbohydrates and hence, option D is the correct answer.
The organic molecules that are important for the maintenance of organisms and for various metabolic mechanisms are termed Biomolecules. It includes several molecules such as Nucleic acids, Lipids, Proteins, and Carbohydrates, and so on.
The polyhydroxy form of ketone or aldehydes or the compound which can create such kinds of units in the process of hydrolysis is called carbohydrates. The characteristics of carbohydrates are listed as follows:
- Carbohydrates are utilized by the living forms as an attainable form of energy source to activate different reactions in our cells.
- Carbohydrates are constituted by varying numbers of sugar molecule units and their polymers.
- It helps in providing support to the cell by providing a structure within the walls of the cells.
Thus, we can conclude that all the statements given in the option represent the characteristics of carbohydrates and hence, option D is the correct answer.
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