Answer :
The Lombard League and Hanseatic League are both examples of mutual-defense alliances to protect trade.
What was Lombard & Hanseatic League?
The Lombard League purpose was to defend their autonomy against the German Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa while the Hanseatic League purpose was to protect and control trade throughout the region.
Hence, the Lombard League and Hanseatic League are both examples of mutual-defense alliances to protect trade.
Therefore, the Option C is correct.
Read more about defense alliances
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